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This is an example of leading line. The pole automatically leads your attention to the portrait of Marilyn Monroe.

Informal balance is when many different things catch your eyes in one photo. In this picture there is not just one central thing that catches your eye

Low key is anything dark, less intense, and inactive. This is a shot of a hand drawing but low-key.

 Framing is basically a shot that shows an object in the background and magnifies the focus of it. The window in this shot shows the tree in the background and directs the attention towards it.

 Soft focus and hard focus are different types of focuses. The first is hard focus because of all the detail in the picture. The second is soft focus because of lack of detail in the picture.